Pimples: Cause of Pimples, Tips to Prevent it

Pimples are caused due to bacteria infection. Pollution, heat, dust, digesting problem, oily skin are some of the reasons for pimples- constipation, drinking less water, not washing and cleansing the skin properly, going to bed late at night, too much consumption of coffee, tea, coca cola etc and hormonal imbalance.
How to Prevent Pimples:-
1. Cleanse your face properly and daily 3-4 times a day.
2. Avoid foods which are oily, spicy, and sour because it can cause constipation and other stomach related problems.
3. Generally most of us use to touch and pick up pimples with out nail. But doing so spreads the bacteria causing more pimples on your face or skin. Moreover, after picking up a pimple it leaves a spot on the face and sometimes can cause septic. Avoid such habit.
4. If pimples bursts accidentally do not put your nails on it; rather use cotton and hot water to clean it properly.
5. You can use thymal powder by mixing it up with a tea spoon of curd and place it around the acne and keep it for 30 minutes and thereafter wash it with cold water.
6. In order to control acne you can use cucumber paste mixing with rosewater.
7. The milley juice of unripe papaya would help you in preventing pimples.
8. One of the most important thing to prevent pimples:- You should drink 8-10 glasses of water daily.

                         Besides, you can prepare garlic lotion to remove the pimples:-
The following are the things needed to make it.
a. Multani mitti ( One Tea Spoon).
b. Carrot juice (1 Tsp)
c. Honey (1 Tsp)
d. Garlic paste (1 Tsp)
Mix all of the above four things together and apply it on your entire face and wait for about 25 minutes. Then wash your face with Luke-warm water and finally rinse your face with cold water.

You can also check out the following links:
http://expertscolumn.com/content/pimples-cause-pimples-tips-prevent-it

http://expertscolumn.com/content/internal-skin-care 

What details does Defoe include to achieve verisimilitude? Do you think it makes Moll Flanders a realistic novel?

One of the most significant characteristics of Defoe's Moll Flanders is his inclusion of perspective. Moll Flanders is herself, the narrator. She has been through a lot and she writes with tremendous perspective on how the world works and what hazards there are. She writes as an older woman who has lived her life in effort of jumping social classes. She was born in Newgate prison and after many misadventures, prison terms and failed relationships, she ends up being married relatively happily and free from prison. Moll Flanders draws the reader into the narrative of her criminal life by way of her language. Her characteristic discourse, special pleading, is clearly appropriate to her attempts at self vindication. But it also derives meaning from her status as convicted felon. Moll, the narrator, is also a woman with a "record," inscribed in the annals of the Old Bailey and Newgate prison, a purely juridical text she cannot overlay with her own. Moll Flanders is Moll's personal text, a counter-text to contest the public record, an example of special pleading, not only after the fact of her crime but also after conviction and sentence. It is a plea in mitigation made to the court of her readership.

Defoe depicts eighteenth-century society as a large marketplace where people struggle to survive. In this struggle, it is difficult to remain moral. Yet, for all his interest in this theme, Defoe came from a Puritan background which urged him to use his works to teach moral lessons. Thus, he approaches Moll's criminal activities and her other immoral actions with a didactic intent. In the Preface, he clearly states that the story of Moll is true and that he has taken all possible care not to give "lewd ideas" through Moll's story. On the contrary, Defoe urges the reader to see the story as an example of repentance. Here the author is torn between his artistry as a narrator who is able to fascinate audiences with Moll's energy and immoral tricks and his Christian beliefs that point to the fact that Moll has to repent in order to be acceptable as a character.

In another passage of the Preface, Defoe returns to Moll's robberies and justifies their detailed descriptions as a warning to his readers against theft and robbers. Here again the Puritan background of the author influences his thoughts as Moll's criminal activities are given an educational relevance for the readers to prevent such behaviors.

Moll's perspective in all of this comes from her experiences. She has tremendous knowledge about all of society. She is a lower class citizen and criminal, but she has lived with and even married higher class men. Defoe even includes an episode in which she is conned out of her money by a con-man whom she was trying to con herself. She knows the games of all social classes and what it takes to survive in the world.

For example, in talking about relationships with men, she says:

On the contrary, the Women have ten Thousand  times the more Reason to be wary, and backward, by how much the hazard of being betrayed is the greater; and would the Ladies consider this, and act the wary Part, they would discover every Cheat that offered; for, in short, the Lives of very few Men now a-Days will bear a Character; and if the ladies do but make a little Enquiry, they will soon be able to distinguish the Men, and deliver themselves.

As illustrated here, Moll speaks from experience. She is one of the women that have seen the "hazard of being betrayed." Defoe's use of this perspective adds verisimilitude to the work as a whole.

Dryden's Macflecknoe as a Mock Heroic Poem.

A mock- heroic poem uses the formal elements which characterize the epic genre to depict a trivial situation. It thus creates a contrast between the form and content that results in a satiric and absurd effect, ridiculing the characters in the plot and their actions.

                        In the form and style, MacFlecknoe is a kind of mock-epic or mock-heroic poem. The very opening of MacFlecknoe is characterized by epic inflation which has a comic effect. Flecknoe who is known to be a worthless poet is compared to Augustus Caesar.  The mock-heroic vein is continued throughout the poem in the portrayal of Shadwell as MacFlecknoe. The note of ironic politeness is continued also, being inseparable from the mock-epic device. MacFlecknoe is regarded by his father as the suitable person to succeed to the throne of dullness because he looks majestic with his huge bulk, like the huge oak trees and is at the same time devoid of the power to think like them. We find another touch of mock-heroic and ironic picture when MacFlecknoe is compared to Arion, a musician whose music attracted the dolphins, but MackFlecknoe attracted only “little fishes”.  The name Shadwell was sounded from several localities, but the localities named by Dryden were sordid and inhabited by uncultured people. MacFlecknoe is then ironically called “prince of thy harmonious band”. His muscic excited the jealousy of the famous musician, John Singleton, who renounced the triumph he had won. We find another example of the same style and technique in the description of the place which has been chosen as the site of MacFlecknoe’s coronation. The ceremony of the coronation is described with the use of inflated language which ill-accords with triviality of the theme and gives rise to laughter because of this incompatibility. At the same time no abusive words are used and the tone is ironic politeness. Flecknoe is called “the hoary prince” who appeared in majesty, high on a throne. Thus herein also blooms the epic style. But what is most interesting that here also we find mockery scene. The throne is one which Flecknoe had built with his own efforts and consisted of a pile of books written by him. At his right hand sat Ascanius, Rome’s hope and pillar of the state.

                        Moreover, we find another mockery picture when Shadwell takes oath that he would maintain genuine dullness in his kingdom throughout his life and would never establish any link with wisdom or intelligence. Then in a mock-epic style, Dryden tells us that Shadwell held, in one hand, not the globe but a large mug of strong beer and in the other hand, not a scepter but a worthless book written by Flecknoe. Again, twelve vultures had appeared to augur Remulus’s victory over Remus. Now twelve aged owls appeared over Shadwell to promise an empire of dullness for Shadwell to rule over.

                        Flecknoe’s coronation speech is again couched in language which befits an epic but which conveys mockery when applied to Shadwell:

Heavens bless my son ! from Ireland let him reign

To far Barbadoes on the western main.

The speech begins in the right epic style but then we come to the lines in which Shadwell is ridiculed. Flecknoe calls upon his son to keep progressing  in the field of ignorance and thus exhorts him:

Success let others teach, learn thou from me.                                                                                                                            Pangs without birth, fruitless industry.

The mockery continues till the end. Shadwell’s tragic scenes ,says Flecknoe, are amusing rather than pathetic; and his comic scenes are so dull.

Indeed, Dryden conceived Mac Flecknoe as a satire against his contemporary playwright Thomas Shadwell. The title itself points to the absurd dimension of the poem by making Shadwell the son of (Mac) Richard Flecknoe, another writer whom Dryden despised. Flecknoe is described as a king, which recalls the status of epic heroes, but his kingdom is Nonsense, a name that mocks his supposedly heroic status. He abdicates in favor of the most obtuse of his children, Shadwell, who, just because of his intellectual weakness, is the siutable heir to the throne. The scene of the coronation, usually a noble topic, is significantly set in a dilapidated environment, thus deflating its nobility.

To conclude, the mechanism of the mock-heroic genre consists in praising the characters for their triviality and vulgarity. Thus, Dryden never directly attacks Shadwell, rather he obtains his result of belittling him by exalting his ignorance and bad writing.